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The Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine ((ウクライナ語:Акт проголошення незалежності України), translit. ''Akt proholoshennya nezalezhnosti Ukrayiny'') was adopted by the Ukrainian parliament on 24 August 1991.〔(A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples ) by Paul Robert Magocsi, University of Toronto Press, 2010, ISBN 1442610212 (page 722/723)〕 The Act established Ukraine as an independent state.〔 ==Adoption== The Act was adopted in the aftermath of the coup attempt on 19 August when conservative Communist leaders of the Soviet Union tried to restore central Communist party control over the USSR.〔 In response (during a tense 11-hour extraordinary session〔), the Supreme Soviet (parliament) of the Ukrainian SSR in a special Saturday session overwhelmingly approved the Act of Declaration.〔 The Act passed with 321 votes in favor, 2 votes against, and 6 abstentions (out of 360 attendants).〔(Historic vote for independence ), ''The Ukrainian Weekly'' (1 September 1991)〕 The author of the text was Levko Lukyanenko. The Communists (CPU) felt there was no choice other than a decision to secede and, as they expressed it, distance themselves from the events in Moscow, particularly the strong anti-Communist movement in the Russian Parliament.〔 "If we don't vote for independence, it will be a disaster," stated first secretary of the CPU Stanislav Hurenko during the debate.〔 The same day (24 August), the parliament called for a referendum on support for the Declaration of Independence.〔〔 The proposal for calling the national referendum came jointly from opposition leaders Ihor Yukhnovsky and Dmytro Pavlychko.〔 The Parliament also voted for the creation of a national guard of Ukraine and turned jurisdiction over all the armed forces located on Ukrainian territory over to itself.〔 Other than a noisy crowd that had gathered at the Parliament building, the streets of Kiev were quiet that day, with few signs of open celebration.〔 In the days that followed a number of resolutions and decrees were passed: nationalizing all CPU property and handing it over to the Supreme Soviet and local councils; issuing an amnesty for all political prisoners; suspending all CPU activities and freezing CPU assets and bank accounts pending official investigations into possible collaboration with the Moscow coup plotters; setting up a committee of inquiry into official behavior during the coup; and establishing a committee on military matters related to the creation of a Ministry of Defense of Ukraine.〔 On 26 August 1991 the Permanent Representative of the Ukrainian SSR to the United Nations (the Ukrainian SSR was a founding member of the United Nations〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Activities of the Member States - Ukraine )〕) Hennadiy Udovenko informed the office of the Secretary General of the United Nations that his permanent mission to this international assembly would officially be designated as representing Ukraine.〔〔(U.N. Mission stresses statehood of Ukraine ), The Ukrainian Weekly (1 September 1991)〕 On 26 August 1991 the executive committee of Kiev also voted to remove all the monuments of Communist heroes from public places, including the Lenin monument on the central October Revolution Square.〔 The large square would be renamed Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Independence Square) as would the central Metro station below it, the executive committee decided.〔 On 28 August 1991 more than 200,000 Lviv and Lviv oblast residents declared their readiness to serve in the national guard.〔(NEWSBRIEFS FROM UKRAINE ), ''The Ukrainian Weekly'' (1 September 1991)〕 In the independence referendum on 1 December 1991, the people of Ukraine expressed widespread support for the Act of Declaration of Independence, with more than 90% voting in favor, and 82% of the electorate participating.〔 Since 1992, the 24th of August is celebrated in Ukraine as Independence Day.〔(Ukraine Intelligence & Security Activities and Operations Handbook ), International Business Publications, 2009, ISBN 0739716611 (page 268)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Declaration of Independence of Ukraine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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